Paper 1

Medicine In Britain, 1250-present and British Sector of the Western front 1914-18

c1900-Present: Medicine in Modern Britain

• Supernatural and religious explanations
• Theory of the Four Humours
• The work of Hippocrates and Galen
• Bloodletting, purging, herbal remedies
• Role of the physician, barber surgeon, apothecary, wise-women, hospitals and the care given
• 1348 the Black Death 

c1500-c1700: The Medical Renaissance in England

• Continuity and change in explanations of the cause of disease and illness.
• Thomas Sydenham and his work on improving diagnosis
• Royal Society and the Printing Press
• The influence of Vesalius.
• The work of William Harvey
• Great Plague of 1665

c1700-c1900: Medicine in Modern Britain: Ideas about the cause of Disease and Illness

• Advances in understanding the causes of illness and disease: the influence of genetic and lifestyle factors on health.
• Improvements in diagnosis: the impact of the availability of blood tests, scans and monitors. 2 Approaches to prevention and treatment 
• The extent of change in care and treatment. The impact of the NHS and science and technology: improved access to care; advances in medicines, including magic bullets and antibiotics; high-tech medical and surgical treatment in hospitals. 
• New approaches to prevention: mass vaccinations and government lifestyle campaigns. 3 Case studies 
• Key individuals: Fleming, Florey and Chain’s development of penicillin. 
• The fight against lung cancer in the twenty-first century: the use of science and technology in diagnosis and treatment; government action.

The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914-18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches

• The context of the British sector of Western Front and the theatre of war in Flanders and northern France: the Ypres salient, the Somme, Arras and Cambrai. The trench system - its construction and organisation, including frontline and support trenches. The use of mines at Hill 60 near Ypres and the expansion of tunnels, caves and quarries at Arras. Significance for medical treatment of the nature of the terrain and problems of the transport and communications infrastructure. 
• Conditions requiring medical treatment on the Western Front, including the problems of ill health arising from the trench environment. The nature of wounds from rifles and explosives. The problem of shrapnel, wound infection and increased numbers of head injuries. The effects of gas attacks. 
• The work of the RAMC and FANY. The system of transport: stretcher bearers, horse and motor ambulances. The stages of treatment areas: aid post and field ambulance, dressing station, casualty clearing station, base hospital. The underground hospital at Arras. 
• The significance of the Western Front for experiments in surgery and medicine: new techniques in the treatment of wounds and infection, the Thomas splint, the use of mobile x-ray units, the creation of a blood bank for the Battle of Cambrai. 
• The historical context of medicine in the early twentieth century: the understanding of infection and moves towards aseptic surgery; the development of x-rays; blood transfusions and developments in the storage of blood.
• Knowledge of national sources relevant to the period and issue, e.g. army records, national newspapers, government reports, medical articles.
• Knowledge of local sources relevant to the period and issue, e.g. personal accounts, photographs, hospital records, army statistics. 
• Recognition of the strengths and weaknesses of different types of source for specific enquiries. 
• Framing of questions relevant to the pursuit of a specific enquiry. 
• Selection of appropriate sources for specific investigations.

Paper 2

  Henry VIII

• Henry VIII and his Ministers
• Henry VIII and Wolsey 1509-1529
• Henry VIII and Cromwell 1529-1540 
• The reformation and its impact 1529-1540

American West

• Early settlement of the west including Plains Indians, migration
• Conflict Development including ranching, cattle, Farming, changes for Indians
• Conflicts including farming changes, Lawlessness, destruction of Plains Indians

Paper 3

Weimar & Nazi Germany

• Weimar 1918-29 including origins, challenges, recovery and society
• Hitler's rise 1919-33 including Nazi party, Munich putsch, Nazi growth, becoming chancellor
• Nazi Dictatorship 1933-39 including creation, police state, controlling people, opposition
• Life in Nazi Germany 1933-39 including women, youth, jobs, Minorities